In this module, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the approach to a patient presenting with pelvic pain. Critical questions to ask in history, including specific characteristics of the pain, associated symptoms of dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea, and date of last menstrual period will be reviewed. You will also learn about the clinical significance of specific signs on physical exam, such as bloody vaginal discharge and cervical motion tenderness, and will gain an understanding of the investigations used to aid diagnosis, such as urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound. Lastly, you will learn to recognize serious, fertility compromising pathologies of pelvic pain that require urgent evaluation, such as ectopic pregnancy and ruptured ovarian cyst, and will gain an understanding of the management of these conditions.